ABSTRACT
Background: Periodontitis is a common multifactorial oral disease and a major cause of tooth loss among adults. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene polymorphism in the causation of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 subjects comprising of 62 patients and 50 controls were enrolled and recruited from various dental clinics in and around Hyderabad, India. Two milliliter of blood sample was collected from all the subjects. Following extraction of DNA, genotyping for CTR 1340 C>T was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: The frequency of CC, CT and TT genotypes in patients was 45%, 42% and 13% while in controls it was 56%, 32% and 12%. The frequency of C and T allele was 0.66 and 0.34 in patients whereas it was 0.72 and 0.28 in controls. The genotype and allele frequencies did not vary between the groups. The genotype frequencies among male and female sub-types revealed a statistically significant difference in female subgroup. The CT genotype and T allele revealed an OR value of 5.62 and 2.40 respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed a significant association of this SNP with periodontitis only in females. It also highlights the predisposing role of CT genotype and T allele in the causation of periodontitis. However, replicative studies on the influence of this polymorphism in different ethnic groups may identify the potentiality of this SNP towards periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Ultrasound (US), traditionally a diagnostic modality, and is emerging as a non-invasive therapy using local drug delivery and gene therapy. US exposure gene rates bio eff ects that result in shear stress, tissue heating, and cavitation eff ects, which are used in therapeutic applications. Sonoporation employs these eff ects to enhance delivery of large molecules such as DNA into the cells which is applied to muscle, head and neck tumor, in a cell disruption process called transformation and increases the permeability to bioactive materials, which is usually used in molecular biology and gene therapy. Nevertheless, it has recently become popular as a technique to enhance drug release from drug delivery systems. Th is review presents the main fi ndings in the fi eld of sonoporation, namely drug delivery, gene delivery and DNA transfer and its applications in dentistry.